Open Innovation

Ens calen agències com NESTA

Article publicat a Nació Digital http://www.naciodigital.cat/opinio/15181/calen/agencies/nesta

Us heu preguntat alguna vegada com es dissenyen les polítiques públiques o les propostes que sovint apareixen a la premsa? D’on surt la proposta d’una renda bàsica universal, la manera d’implementar les superilles o quines són les polítiques millors per fenòmens com Airbnb? S’ha experimentat i vist què funciona millor i què pitjor, o estem davant d’idees plenes de bones intencions (suposem) però mancades de cap evidència o sigui sense dades?

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A conversation with Soh Kim – d-school Stanford University – about Design Thinking, Food Hackatons and Data Science

Soh Kim is responsible for the FoodInno initiative in the d-school @ Stanford University, as you all know the d-school is the meca of Design Thinking, a collaboration between Stanford & IDEO that resulted in the conceptualization of Design Thiking. 

Soh is one of the main researchers around Open Innovation in the Food industry. She is interested not only in conducting research but also in driving change. Food Hackatons is one of her proposals to link the instruments commonly used in Innovation & Tech to the Food Industries.

This interview was precisely recorded in one of this Hackatons in Esade where we proposed to reinvent TAPAS.

Our collaboration with the d-school goes however well beyond Food Hackatons. In our new program on Data Science, the Master in Business Analytics, our students will have a 2 week study trip to the Stanford’s d-school to work on how to use Design Thinking in Data Science.

Many of the Data Analytics projects don’t fully reach their objectives or end up in products that don’t fit the needs of users. With the use of Design Thinking we want to change that, increasing their success rate. 

Open Innovation – the Last 10 years – the next 10 years

During December 15-17 we had in ESADE Barcelona the World Open Innovation Conference 2016. About 250 scholars, industry, government and researchers gathered to present, network and talk about Open Innovation in what is possibly the largest conference in the world on this area.

It will be difficult to highlight only a few things because we had so many. From the State of Open Innovation introduced by Henry Chesbrough to the commitment on Open Innovation of the European Commission presented by Carlos Moedas or the one of the City of Barcelona introduced by Francesca Bria. Or the intersection between Open Innovation and food with Ferran Adrià and Marcel Planellas or with soccer with Ivan Bofarull. The state of Open Innovation in China. Even a food hackaton held by Soh Kim from Stanford and myself.

Of course, lots of papers, academic research and also challenges posed by companies where academic and industry can both relate and discuss.

It was a really nice conference with many different flavors, reflecting the reality of a discipline that is becoming increasingly important as companies move towards ways to compete where innovation is more prevalent.

A few weeks ago I had the opportunity to give a talk in Berlin invited by Fraunhofer FOKUS (Vielen Dank !!!) about the past, the present and the future of Open Innovation.

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Plataformas y Regulación

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Plataformas como Airbnb – Über – Google & Apple apps – WhatsApp – Facebook, Fiverr, … estan en el punto de mira no sólo de las empresas que buscan como convertirse en o incorporar-las, sino de politicos y ciudadanos en pie de guerra contra ellas, responsabilizándolas de incontables males.

Paralelamente, estas mismas plataformas han tomado por asalto la economía convirtiéndose en pocos años en las empresas de mayor éxito, superando a las grandes corporaciones centralizadas que han caracterizado la economía del siglo XX.

A estas alturas a nadie se le escapan dos realidades. Primero que los esfuerzos de algunas administraciones prohibiendo su actividad son no sólo baldíos sino dañinos para todos, las plataformas están para quedarse. Y segundo que nuestra regulación, pensada para un mundo donde no existían, no funciona en este mundo de las plataformas, está obsoleta y debemos actualizarla. La pregunta que aún no sabemos como resolver con precisión es cuál es la mejor legislación para todos. Una que aúne objetivos sociales con desarrollo económico. Pero si tenemos una cierta idea de cuáles son las lineas a seguir en esta nueva regulación.

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Smart Cities: el futuro inesperado y el cambio que no llega

ElFuturoInesperado

Estos últimos años las Smart Cities han tenido una amplia presencia mediática en relación a la política municipal española. Todos hemos aprendido que el transporte, el consumo energético y hasta nosotros mismos podemos y tenemos que ser smart: smart transport, smart energy, smart citizens,… aunque muchas veces no hemos llegado a entender muy bien en qué consiste la cuestión de ser smart.

En la medida en la que el discurso se ha transformado en proyecto hemos ido aprendiendo quesmart significa, entre otras cosas, aprovechar las tecnologías de la información para mejorar la eficiencia en la gestión. A pesar de las explicaciones, muchos hemos tenido la impresión de que estábamos inmersos en una de tantas oleadas promocionales, un tanto hype.

Sin embargo más allá del hype empezaron a aflorar algunas contradicciones. ¿Es posible repensar el transporte desde una ciudad cuando ésta ha dejado de ser la ‘ciudad real’ en la que viven los ciudadanos? En Barcelona los ciudadanos transitan en una área que trasciende la propia Barcelona: Hospitalet, Cornellà,… (sólo wikipedia sabe dónde empieza una y acaba otra …) que también incluye el Vallés, … En Madrid, sucede exactamente lo mismo con Pozuelo, Alcorcón, … En Helsinki, la situación es similar: con Espoo, Vantaa, …

Repensar el transporte debe tener en cuenta la ‘ciudad real’ a la vez que la ciudad administrativa. Sin embargo, las competencias y los instrumentos que van más allá de la ciudad se encuentran en manos de una multitud de instituciones donde intervienen gobiernos nacionales, comunidades autónomas o estados federales, gobiernos locales y, en algunos casos, hasta programas de la Comunidad Europea.

A menudo, las urbes deben hacer frente al hecho de que los instrumentos necesarios para dar solución a problemas locales no están disponibles desde el nivel local. Éste es el caso de la movilidad, pero también de las políticas energéticas, la apertura de datos, los sistemas de contratación y un interminable etc.

Esto se evidencia aún más en aquellas políticas que intentan incidir en temas más transversales como la promoción económica; el derecho a la vivienda o las políticas de asilo. En el caso de las Smart Cities debemos unir a los conflictos provenientes de la yuxtaposición de competencias, aquellos derivados de la escala de la implementación cuando abarca más de una administración como es el caso del transporte, aparcamiento, energía, participación, etc.  El resultado final, desde el punto de vista del ciudadano, no es otro que un largo rosario de expectativas incumplidas, donde aquella implantación masiva que supondría importantes beneficios se ve substituida por proyectos piloto que pasan desapercibidos para la inmensa mayoría de ciudadanos.

Pero el mundo no está parado, nos sorprende con un futuro, muchas veces inesperado, que lo hace interesante. En medio de todos estos planes y marcos de actuación, donde todo estaba calculado y  parecía previsto, han aparecido los self-driving cars (coches autoconducidos), los coches eléctricos o el tren Hyperloop.

Por si fuera poco, estas innovaciones no nos auguran una mejora incremental sobre nuestra concepción de lo que es el transporte, sino que amenazan con transformarlo de forma radical. Los self-driving cars no son sólo el fin de los taxis, sino el final de un modelo de transporte tal y como lo concebimos hoy en día. Podremos llamarlos, utilizarlos para desplazarnos; después automáticamente se recargarán y estarán disponibles para otras personas. Las simulaciones apuntan a una liberación de un 30% del espacio de nuestras calles si seguimos utilizando vehículos individuales y hasta del 90% si nos decidimos por vehículos compartidos. Una verdadera revolución no sólo en el transporte, sino también en el modelo de ciudad.

Algo parecido pasará con el Hyperloop. Un proyecto de tren de alta velocidad que funciona en el vacío a una velocidad cercana a los 1200Km/h que promueve el fundador de Tesla. Al eliminar la resistencia del aire, su demanda de energía es mucho menor que la de los trenes convencionales, su velocidad mucho mayor y, por ende, sus costes más reducidos.

Sin embargo ya hoy, existen un buen número de innovaciones posibles que no se han llevado a cabo y quizás cabría preguntarse por qué. Todos vivimos a diario en un entorno donde las aplicaciones móviles han substituido una multitud de operaciones burocráticas y oficinas de proximidad, reduciendo de una manera drástica los niveles de gestión y de personal, al tiempo que se aumentaba la calidad de servicio en las empresas. ¿Por qué no ha sucedido lo mismo en la Administración Pública?

Las promesas, el hype, los cambios posibles y el futuro muchas veces inesperado configuran un escenario de oportunidades lleno de tensiones e incertidumbre. En este escenario, quizás más allá de concebir planes a largo plazo deberíamos tener la agilidad de aprovechar las oportunidades que ya existen a nuestro alcance, atreviéndonos también a repensar la administración local haciéndola un poco más smart.

 

El Periódico de Catalunya, 27 de Octubre de 2015

What’s behind Volkswagen’s scandal?

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Lots of ink has been wasted discussing the implications of the recent Volkswagen scandal. However, few articles tried to uncover its underlying reasons beyond a large investment in a new diesel motor that provided a fantastic performance but at a huge environmental cost (between 30 and 40x allowed emissions in the US).

Behind this battle is the battle in the automotive industry for being number 1. Toyota and its innovative Prius caught the whole sector by surprise and created a need to counterattack with a performing, high mileage  and environmentally conscious car. 

The new diesel engine looked like the best and easiest solution to counter the threat of a sweeping victory by the new hybrid models.

However, was it a simple fix for a bigger problem ?

The consequences of the fiasco go far beyond the cost of fixing the 11M+ cars involved, a number that increases every day. To list only a few,

1.- Car owners are not going to be happy with a much less performing car. How are they going to react to suddenly becoming proud owners of an “average” or “less than average” performing car.

2.- Ambientalists are probably going to sue Volkswagen with class action in the US and outside. The link between emissions and deaths is strong enough to demand huge compensations.

3.- Stockholders will also fill a class action to cover from the fall in the stock price. Stock price reached a 30% decrease in the recent days and nobody really knows where could be the the support line as the matter develops. 

4.- The consequences for the image of quality and trust of the German industry are not easy to quantify. German industry depends a lot on Germany as a brand strongly linked to trust and quality. This scandal hits its bottom line.

We are all becoming aware that this scandal is rapidly mounting to be the worst fiasco of the German industry ever with consequences well beyond car manufacturers.

Why all this happened? Was only a mindless shortcut in a hyper-competitive industry or we have to look deeper?

Volkswagen, like many other companies normally competes on price/quality. In cars the general awareness on environmental issues, the raise of the price of oil and the new technologies have disrupted competition with companies and models such as Tesla or Toyota Prius. German companies have been slow to react while some of these innovations aimed at their core business addressing many of the concerns and needs of their larger customer segment. This was the case with hybrid cars where competitors were able to create an image of a cool, modern car well beyond the savings in oil.

The new diesel engine was a way to counteract all this, but, as we know now, it was fake.

From the outside the whole story looks like the response of an incumbent that tries to compete with all weapons available into a new scenario that is being disrupted.

Was this the case?

In fact, competition in the car industry has been moving to innovation while Volkswagen and many other companies were still competing with efficiency – the price/quality ratio. This change in the way companies compete is at the core of this story.

Therefore, perhaps this is not only one case of a massive cheating but a failure to compete in a world where the rules changed and if so, it has implications for the company and the whole industry that go far beyond the scandal itself.

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Uber, Airbnb, … good or evil for cities?

aribnb

During the last years we had a lot of controversy around the sharing economy, particularly its most successful companies: Über and Airbnb were and are in the spot.

The list of examples is quite long, some of them even violent and dramatic such as über cars being burned, airbnb promoting highly successful citizen campaigns in NYC to prevent being banned or even top executives of über imprisoned in Paris.

Many of these conflicts originate with the existing incumbents: taxi companies, hotel chains, … trying to maintain their privileges against technological and/or business model innovation. This is not new, exactly the same thing happened when cars were taking the place of carriages or taxis (a quite recent invention in historical terms) began to establish in cities.

However, these are not the only source of conflicts, others arise from a lack of clarity on the objectives of a city, the type of society that they envision and the way to make it real. Many times, trying not to loose votes, politicians are ambivalent and say one thing, the opposite and the contrary at the same time and of course, this generates conflicts.

If we try to bring clarity to the discussion around the city that we envision, pretty soon we will find ourselves talking about regulations. This is so because they determine to a great extend the type of society that we live in. Do you think regulations are neutral ? or always in favor of the City overall ? Of course they are not ! they shape in many ways our society.

One good example of all this is to analyze the factors that contribute to the success of cities in terms of attracting visitors. Elements such as the brand of the city, its image displaying a vibrant life full of exciting proposals greatly contribute to make the city more attractive and become a magnet for visitors. All this is not created mostly by the government but by local actors.

How is the food there? Are restaurants offering new proposals? How is night life? Do they have interesting live music? How is accommodation there? Overpriced and completely boring hotels or exciting and full of variation coming from a variety of proposals? Is transport a chaos with angry taxi drivers that treat you badly or do you have a multitude of options where to choose? Can you do something else than visiting museums? Do you have theaters, day and night proposals for everybody? …

All these are questions that shape the attractiveness of a city for visitors are aspects where policies play a huge role. For example, live music was pretty common in the Barcelona of the 70’s, however after that period a new regulation was enacted protecting the interests of neighbors and nowadays only in very few places you can find live music, and when you find it, it is mostly illegal. Is this a good thing for the city? I guess we all can agree that it is not ! Enacting norms that effectively ban live music is the only way to protect the interests of a few citizens?

We can find many more examples of norms that backfire when they try to protect the interests of a few against the common interest of the majority.

Will it happen too if we restrict / ban airbnb or über ?

Why is this so important ?

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Open Data is not working – how to fix it?

open_data_read_write_society

Last April we organised together with the CTTI –  Generalitat of Catalonia (our regional gov) a workshop on Open Data. We have been working intensively on the subject for quite some years resulting in some papers, projects and a special article in the Communications of the ACM that will appear soon. We wanted to share our work with the Open Data community in Catalonia.

Since the early days when Marta Continente stablished the first Open Data portals in Catalonia we have witnessed an explosion an explosion of initiatives around Open Data. Lot’s of cities have their own Open Data portal with the ambition of ensuring transparency and stimulating the provision of services by third parties. Our reality though is not so different than the one in many other places, the scale and maybe the level of commitment is different, however results are mostly in the same line.

As in many other places, outcomes are a poor match for the vision, at most. Maybe it is time to acknowledge that Open Data is not working the way we expected and needs to be fixed.

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